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Spider Legends |
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Throughout time, the spider has been associated with
many myths and superstitions. In mythology worldwide, the spider
is prominently featured. Throughout Africa, Spider is either a trickster
or a great god. Japanese believe that Spider Woman can ensnare careless
travelers. In contrast, the Pueblo Nations of America believe that
Spider Woman created the Universe. The Greeks and Norse looked upon
Spiders as the Weavers of people’s fates and connecting the Past with
the Future.
Christians see Spider Webs as traps. Like Flies, people become
ensnared by vain works and become stuck fast in the webs. Spiders
represent human fragility and the enticement of evil. However in
Germany, Spider Webs are a part of Christmas tree decorations. According
to folklore, Spider realized what glorious day was Christ’s birth. So
She spun silver and gold webs on trees to show her faith and to glorify
the Birth of the Lord. Many superstitions instruct people to never kill
a Spider found in a house. The “house” spider is there to bring good
luck and good fortune to the inhabitants.
Here are some of the ones I have gathered
from the "Web" for your enjoyment and enlightenment!!
"If you wish to live
and thrive, Let a spider run alive. "
.. Old English nursery rhyme.
Click the section you would like to read. |
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Asia
The Legend of the Tsuchigumo
- Sent in by Hana
The Tsuchigumo (translated as "Earth spider") - A
mythical, supernatural creature faced by many heroes
throughout Asian legend. The term Tsuchgumo is also
loosely used for bandits, untrustworthy shopkeepers, and
thieves. The Tsuchigumo were said to live in caverns
beneath the mountains and the Tsuchigumo in ancient
legend were able to take the visage of a fairy-like boy
or a woman of black spider coloured skin and white
cobweb hair depending on the version of the story. In
one specific tale a Traveller is said to have been lured
to a house whilst on a search for a mythical, giant
skull and was placed under a spell by a Tsuchigumo in
the guise of a dark skinned pale haired young boy.
However, the traveller breaks this spell by striking out
at the boy with his sword after he suspects foul play.
The traveller discovers the house is actually covered in
spiders and completely constructed from web.
The strange boy flees the scene and after tracking down
the boy, the traveller learns that he is actually a
giant spider demon, or Tsuchigumo.
There is a conflict and the Tsuchigumo is wounded badly.
He barters for his life with the traveller and begs
forgiveness. “It is only my nature to set traps.” The
Tsuchigumo pleads. “If you show me mercy I will save
your own life thrice.” The traveller agrees to this deal
and lets the Tsuchigumo live. Now the Boy-Tsuchigumo and
the Traveller set out together to find the mythical
giant skull.
Along the way they come across a Kitsune (A nine-tailed
fox demon able to take human form) The Kitsune is
intrigued by the fact that the traveller has managed to
humble a Tsuchigumo. She agrees to help the Traveller
find the skull. Her payment is the sheer joy of watching
the young half spider humiliated and humbled by his
human captor.
The trio travel far and wide across many lands, and
through many dangers. Soon they come to a great ocean.
The Tsuchigumo fears the ocean above all else. “Fish eat
spiders, and away from the earth I will have no power. I
need to touch the earth or I will grow sick and die.”
The Kitsune looked equally appalled. “I am a creature of
fire, if the ocean should rise up and take me I will
drown and be forever snuffed.”
The traveller however insisted they must cross the ocean
to get to the island with the skull, and so he bade the
Tsuchigumo to cross. Bound by his oath and always
prideful of keeping his word the Tsuchigumo at last
agreed. The Kitsune not one to miss such complete
despair of the Tsuchigumo decided she too would brave
the ocean.
The crew of the ship was very superstitious, so the
young dark skinned boy, and the red haired girl were
quickly hidden deep inside the ship. However, the crew
had seen the female Kitsune, and had decided that she
was a curse upon them. When the sea grew angry, and food
ran short, they blamed the hidden girl.
Late in the night, the crew against captain’s orders
decided to rid the ship of its accursed female. They
crept into the quarters where the Traveler and his
companions slept, and raised a knife to the Kitsune’s
and the traveller's throats. The Tsuchigumo moved
quickly, as it was hiding up in the ceiling and had not
been seen by the crew. The Tsuchigumo wrapped the
murderers up in his webs before they could kill the
traveller or the Kitsune. The Kitsune used her magic to
charm the captured men and convinced them that they had
been only dreaming. Then she sent them back up to their
cabins.
“I have saved your life once,” the Tschigumo told the
traveller weakly. “And as I have also saved the
Kitsune’s Life. Now as payment Kitsune must promise to
save mine in turn.”
They arrived at the island, and disembarked the ship.
The Kitsune moved quickly ahead and discovered that the
skull was in the possession of the Yokai of the volcano.
It was then that the Traveller was captured by the Yokai
as the poor Tsuchigumo was trying to regain his strength
after the long tiresome voyage. The Kitsune quickly
moved to help the Traveller, and was also taken hostage
by the powerful native Yokai.
Both were taken to the cave of the Ushi-oni. (One of the
most fearsome and formidable of yōkai is the
oceanic ushi-oni, an enormous and bloodthirsty beast
usually drawn with a horned head like a bull, the teeth
of a lion, venomous fangs like a snake, the pinchers of
a giant crab and a body like a gigantic spider.)
The Ushi-oni hungry and angered by the intruders
declared that he would eat them both alive. Immune to
the fire of the Kitsune the Ushi-oni laughed at her and
hung her up with its webs to eat later. The traveller
was about to be eaten when the brave and loyal Tschigumo
arrived. He declared that the traveller was his, and
that as a fellow spider demon the Ushi-oni had to
respect his claim and retain his honour.
The Ushi-oni had no respect or honour, but was intrigued
that such a small and young male Tsuchigumo would brave
a voyage from it’s native mountain home far east of the
island, and dare to stand against a much more powerful
spider demon. He also knew that an Earth Spider was much
weaker then a plate armoured Water Spider. He accepted a
trio of challenges, one to be set by the traveller; one
decided by him self, and one chosen by the spirit of the
volcano. If the Tsuchigumo won, he would acquire 3
prizes. If the Ushi-oni won, he would gain 3 prizes.
The first challenge was what the Traveller deemed the
Tsuchigumo’s strongest talent. Weaving. The Tsuchigumo
indeed was much more talented in weaving then the bulky
water spider. He spun a magnificent web and was named
the 1st challenge victor.
The second challenge set by the Ushi-oni was brute
strength. In this he excelled, and he easily was able to
prove himself the victor.
The spirit of the volcano declared the final challenge
as one of cunning and wit. Both spiders would have to
prove their worth with the best sacrifice for the
volcano.
The Ushi-oni declared to the volcano that he would
sacrifice all of the Yokai on the island to her. He then
trapped all the yokai and sent them shrieking into her
belly.
The Tsuchigumo waited patiently while the Ushi-oni
exhausted himself at gathering all of the monsters on
the island to feed to the volcano. When he had dropped
the last monster into the volcano the Tsuchigumo then
pushed the Ushi-oni into the volcano. “I give you my
enemies, which include the Yokai and the Ushi-oni.” The
volcano spirit conceded that indeed the Tsuchigumo had
proven to be the most cunning. Then asked what his 3
prizes would be. Ever loyal and wise the Tsuchigumo
stated that his prizes would be The Traveler, The
Kitsune, and the giant skull.
With the skull in hand, the traveller returned to the
ship with his two companions. He declared that the
Tsuchigumo had saved his life twice. The Kitsune also
agreed to have been saved twice, so this time she agreed
to give her ability to resist fire to the Tsuchigumo as
payment for the second rescue.
On the ride back, the Tsuchigumo grew very ill. Having
travelled once across the ocean had been rough; the
return trip was proving even worse. Unable to retain his
humanoid form the Tschigumo was discovered by the crew
for what he was. They declared that he must be killed as
he is an evil demon. Unable to defend himself, the
Tsuchigumo was dragged onto the deck and beaten severely
by the enraged crew. The traveller was dragged to the
deck and was questioned about his affiliation with such
an evil spirit. That he was in fact a lord of hell and
should be immediately put to death. The Kitsune was
horrified and unable to help as she too was overpowered
and questioned.
Then the Loyal and true Tsuchigumo spoke out. “I am the
cause of this villainy. I have manipulated and tricked
the Traveller.” He spoke truth because he had tricked
the traveller into his house back in the mountains.
The crew agreed that the Tsuchigumo was able to
manipulate men, and so declared that he should be cast
into the sea for his evil sins. As they untied the
traveller and released him from their hatred, the
traveller looked sadly upon the Tsuchigumo. “You have
spared my life thrice, and as such I break you of your
contract with me.”
The Tsuchigumo did not struggle as the crew threw him
over the side, and the Crew only cheered as the creature
was pulled under the sea by the angry waves.
The quick thinking Kitsune slipped away from the sight
of the jeering crew and freed a wooden boat from the
side of the ship. She rushed the life boat to the
Tsuchigumo’s aide. The Kitsune pulled the weak and now
half dead Spider onto the lifeboat, just as the crew
started to volley burning arrows at the two demons. Both
spider and fox now immune to fire, and Spider who was an
earth spirit extended his magic to the very wood then
drifted off to sea safely away from the men, the boat,
and the traveller.
After boat landed on a distant shore, the Kitsune
exhausted from the experience declared that she had
repaid the Tsuchigumo for his saving her life, and now
would be on her way as the Traveller was no-longer in
control of the Tsuchigumo and thus he was no longer any
fun to her.
It is said that any traveller who to this day shows
sympathy to a Tsuchigumo in need will be saved from
death thrice. It is also said that after the adventure
the gods smiled down on the Tsuchigumo and made the
spider the symbol for Wisdom, labour, cunning, and
prudence.
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Spiders in History:
David:
Approximately 3060 years ago David was being pursued by King
Saul when he hid in a cave near Jerusalem. A spider made its
web across the opening. When Saul saw the web, he called his
men away, saying that it was useless to search the cave
because the web showed that no one could have entered. So
David's life was saved and he lived on to become King of
Israel.
Mohammed:
Fourteen hundred years ago the prophet Mohammed was being
chased by his enemies near Mecca when he hid in a cave.
Miraculously, an acacia tree sprang up out of the ground in
front of the cave. A wood-pigeon nested in the tree and a
spider made its web between the cave entrance and the tree.
As a result his enemies overlooked the cave and Mohammed
escaped to become the Prophet of Islam.
Yoritomo:
Eight hundred years ago Yoritomo, a warrior from Japanese
mythology, was running from his enemies after a defeat in
battle when he hid inside a large hollow tree. While he was
hiding, a spider built a web across the opening. When his
enemies found the hollow tree, they were convinced that
Yoritomo was not inside because of the web. Yoritomo escaped
to become a shogun (an important military leader).
Robert the Bruce:
In 1306, Robert the Bruce and his army had been fighting
against King Edward I of England for control of Scotland.
Robert was lying exhausted in a barn when he noticed a
spider try to fix its web to a beam six times. On its
seventh attempt, the spider succeeded. Robert was inspired,
saying,

"Now shall this spider teach me what I
am to do, for I also have failed six times."
He then gathered together some more followers and they
won the next battle. After a successful campaign they
eventually defeated Edward's army in 1319.
Australian Museum Online.
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Australia:
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Aboriginal Tradition:
Spiders are an important Burnungku clan totem for the
Rembarrnga/Kyne people in central Arnhem Land. Spiders in their
webs are associated with a sacred rock on the clan estate and
the design is connected with a major regional ceremony. These
spider totems provide a link with neighbouring clans who also
use spider totems in their rituals.Australian Museum
Online.
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USA:
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Why a Spider has Eight Eyes:
When Earthmaker had completed his creation of the world, he
looked for a creature that could watch over his creation. First
Earthmaker appointed Turtle to oversee things, but his legs were so
stubby that he could not see very far at all. So he was
recalled.
Then Earthmaker appointed Kaghiga (Crow/Raven) to oversee the world.
Kaghiga could see far and wide, but he did more than just watch: he
gave orders to everyone, and never was he silent for even a moment.
Thus Earthmaker recalled Kaghiga. Then Earthmaker appointed Bear.
Bear could stand on his hind legs and see well and could even climb
trees so that he could see in every direction. However, Bear had a
terrible temper, and soon frightened the whole of creation. So
Earthmaker recalled him as well.Then Earthmaker appointed Spider to watch over the world.
Spider was without any passion, so no one feared her. Her voice was
so small that only Earthmaker himself could hear her. Because she
could climb, Spider was able to see far and wide. In the beginning,
Spider had only two eyes like everyone else, but just to make sure
that she could see everywhere, Earthmaker gave her six new eyes, one
eye for each direction. Ever since, spiders have had eight eyes.
by Joi StCyr
in David Lee Smith, Folklore of the Winnebago Tribe (Norman:
University of Oklahoma Press, 1997) 96
Apache Creation Legend - An Apache
Legend:
In the beginning nothing existed: no Earth, no
Sky, no Sun, no Moon. Only darkness was everywhere. Suddenly from the darkness emerged a thin disc, one side yellow and
the other side white, appearing suspended in midair. Within the disc
sat a small bearded man, Creator, the One Who Lives Above. As if waking from a long nap, he rubbed his eyes and face with
both hands. When he looked into the endless darkness, light appeared
above. He looked down and it became a sea of light. To the East, he
created yellow streaks of dawn. To the West, tints of many colors
appeared everywhere. There were also clouds of different colors. Creator wiped his sweating face and rubbed his hands together,
thrusting them downward. Behold! A shining cloud upon which sat a
little girl.
"Stand up and tell me where are you going," said Creator. But
she did not reply. He rubbed his eyes again and offered his right
hand to the Girl-Without- Parents.
"Where did you come from?" she asked, grasping his hand."From the East where it is now light," he replied, stepping
upon her cloud.
"Where is the Earth?" she asked.
"Where is the sky?" he asked, and sang, "I am thinking,
thinking, thinking what I shall create next." He sang four times,
which was the magic number.
Creator brushed his face with his hands, rubbed them together,
then flung them wide open! Before them stood Sun-God. Again Creator
rubbed his sweaty brow and from his hands dropped Small-Boy. Creator, Sun-God, Girl-Without-Parents, and Small-Boy sat in
deep thought upon the small cloud.
"What shall we make next?" asked Creator. "This cloud is much
too small for us to live upon."
Then he created Tarantula, Big Dipper, Wind, Lightning-Maker,
and some Western clouds in which to house Lightning-Rumbler, which
he just finished. Creator sang, "Let us make Earth. I am thinking of the Earth,
Earth, Earth; I am thinking of the Earth," he sang four times.
All four gods shook hands. In doing so, their sweat mixed
together and Creator rubbed his palms, from which fell a small
round, brown ball, not much larger than a bean. Creator kicked it, and it expanded. Girl-Without-Parents
kicked the ball, and it enlarged more. Sun-God and Small-Boy took
turns giving it hard kicks, and each time the ball expanded. Creator
told Wind to go inside the ball and to blow it up.
Tarantula spun a black cord and, attaching it to the ball,
crawled away fast to the East, pulling on the cord with all his
strength. Tarantula repeated with a blue cord to the South, a yellow
cord to the West, and a white cord to the North. With mighty pulls
in each direction, the brown ball stretched to immeasurable size--it
became the Earth! No hills, mountains, or rivers were visible; only
smooth, treeless, brown plains appeared. Creator scratched his chest and rubbed his fingers together
and there appeared Hummingbird.
"Fly North, South, East, and West and tell us what you see,"
said Creator.
"All is well," reported Hummingbird upon his return. "The
Earth is most beautiful, with water on the West side."
But the Earth kept rolling and dancing up and down. So Creator
made four giant posts--black, blue, yellow, and white to support the
Earth. Wind carried the four posts, placing them beneath the four
cardinal points of the Earth. The Earth sat still.
Creator sang, "World is now made and now sits still," which he
repeated four times.
Then he began a song about the sky. None existed, but he
thought there should be one. After singing about it four times,
twenty- eight people appeared to help make a sky above the Earth.
Creator chanted about making chiefs for the Earth and sky. He sent Lightning-Maker to encircle the world, and he returned
with three uncouth creatures, two girls and a boy found in a
turquoise shell. They had no eyes, ears, hair, mouths, noses, or
teeth. They had arms and legs, but no fingers or toes. Sun-God sent for Fly to come and build a sweat house.
Girl-Without-Parents covered it with four heavy clouds. In front of
the East doorway she placed a soft, red cloud for a foot-blanket to
be used after the sweat. Four stones were heated by the fire inside the sweat house.
The three uncouth creatures were placed inside. The others sang
songs of healing on the outside, until it was time for the sweat to
be finished. Out came the three strangers who stood upon the magic
red cloud-blanket. Creator then shook his hands toward them, giving
each one fingers, toes, mouths, eyes, ears, noses and hair. Creator
named the boy, Sky-Boy, to be chief of the Sky-People. One girl he
named Earth-Daughter, to take charge of the Earth and its crops. The
other girl he named Pollen-Girl, and gave her charge of health care
for all Earth- People.
Since the Earth was flat and barren, Creator thought it fun to
create animals, birds, trees, and a hill. He sent Pigeon to see how
the world looked. Four days later, he returned and reported, "All is
beautiful around the world. But four days from now, the water on the
other side of the Earth will rise and cause a mighty flood." Creator made a very tall pinion tree. Girl-Without-Parents
covered the tree framework with pinion gum, creating a large, tight
ball. In four days, the flood occurred. Creator went up on a cloud,
taking his twenty-eight helpers with him. Girl-Without-Parents put
the others into the large, hollow ball, closing it tight at the top.
In twelve days, the water receded, leaving the float-ball high
on a hilltop. The rushing floodwater changed the plains into
mountains, hills, valleys, and rivers. Girl-Without-Parents led the
gods out from the float-ball onto the new Earth. She took them upon
her cloud, drifting upward until they met Creator with his helpers,
who had completed their work making the sky during the flood time on
Earth. Together the two clouds descended to a valley below. There,
Girl-Without- Parents gathered everyone together to listen to
Creator.
"I am planning to leave you," he said. "I wish each of you to
do your best toward making a perfect, happy world.
"You, Lightning-Rumbler, shall have charge of clouds and water.
"You, Sky-Boy, look after all Sky-People.
"You, Earth-Daughter, take charge of all crops and Earth-People.
"You, Pollen-Girl, care for their health and guide them.
"You, Girl-Without-Parents, I leave you in charge over all."
Creator then turned toward Girl-Without-Parents and together
they rubbed their legs with their hands and quickly cast them
forcefully downward. Immediately between them arose a great pile of
wood, over which Creator waved a hand, creating fire. Great billowy clouds of smoke at once drifted skyward. Into
this cloud, Creator disappeared. The other gods followed him in
other clouds of smoke, leaving the twenty-eight workers to people
the Earth. Sun-God went East to live and travel with the Sun.
Girl-Without-Parents departed Westward to live on the far horizon.
Small-Boy and Pollen-Girl made cloud homes in the South. Big Dipper
can still be seen in the Northern sky at night, a reliable guide to
all.
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Africa:
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Anansi:
West Africa is the home of Anansi, a folk hero, who is both
spider and man to the Ashanti people. He is a trickster, a provider of wisdom and a
keeper of stories. His role is both light hearted and profound,
often providing the link between people and the supreme being.
One of the stories is about Anansi's involvement in the
creation of the world. Anansi was ordered by the sky god to spin
the fabric from which people would be made. Anansi then acted as
the messenger between people and gods. Through Anansi's skill as
a messenger the sky god gave people day and night, rain and
wind.
In another story, Anansi put all wisdom in a pot to keep
it safe But the pot was so big he couldn't carry it. When his
son wisely suggested that he put the pot on his back, Anansi
realised that all wisdom wasn't in the pot. In a fit of temper
he tipped the wisdom out of the pot. Now wisdom is available to
all people.
Australian Museum Online.
Anansi Resource Page
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Tarantulas:
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Why the tarantula has a bad name:
In
1370, in a small town called Taranto in southern Italy a strange
and mysterious epidemic broke out for which the only cure seemed
to be wild dancing and music. Occurring every summer for three
hundred years, this disease was thought to be caused by the bite
of a large, hairy Wolf Spider (Lycosa tarantula), which
became known as a Tarantula.
In the 1600s, people discovered that these spiders were
virtually harmless. Many then concluded that the whole
phenomenon of Tarantism was simply an excuse far a
wild
party. However, it is now suspected that a spider was involved
and the real culprit was a European relative of the Redback or
Widow Spider.
As Europeans colonised the world, they saw even bigger and
hairier spiders, and called them Tarantulas too. As a result,
many large and hairy spiders are now commonly, but incorrectly,
called Tarantulas.
Australian Museum Online
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Arachne:
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The Legend of Arachne
The name science uses for spiders, 'arachnid', is derived from
a Greek myth outlined in the following story.
Long
ago in a village on the plain below Mount Olympus lived a beautiful
maiden named Arachne. She devoted her days to weaving and
embroidering, and such was her skill that even the nymphs from the
woods crept out and gazed with awe at the wonderful pictures she
wove.Unfortunately, Arachne was admired but never loved, as she
boasted endlessly about her own skill and deftness. She was so sure
of her skills that she boasted that not even Athene, the goddess of
wisdom and patroness of arts could rival her work.
Athene was so incensed by these taunts that she visited
Arachne, disguised as an old woman, and warned her against incurring
the wrath of the gods. Arachne dismissed the warning and claimed if
ever she met Athene she would challenge her to a contest. Athene
threw off her cloak and accepted the challenge.
Athene chose for her tapestry her own contest with Neptune
while Arachne chose the abduction of Europa. As their labours
finished, each turned to see the other's work- while Arachne's
tapestry was wonderful, one glance at Athene's work sufficed to show
that Arachne was beaten.
In despair, Arachne tried to hang herself in her own tapestry;
however, Athene was unwilling for her rival to escape so easily and
changed her suspended body into a misshapen and repulsive form and
condemned her to continue weaving throughout the ages.
Victorian Spiders |
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For more myths and weird facts try this great
site:
The Spider Myths Site |
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